The digital camera is not something of a magic box that came out of the
blue and made wonders! The digital camera is very much like the
conventional analog camera, but the technology has been altered. It also
contains most of the associated components that the conventional camera
contains, like lens and a shutter for letting in light, however instead of
reaching a photosensitive film, the light is made to fall upon array of
image sensors or photosensitive cells. Much of the differences are like
this, yet most of it still remains in oblivion for the ordinary people.
And it order that the digital camera gets its true respect, it is
necessary to explore these areas of truth and reveal them in light.
Looking a bit more in details about the working of the fantastic device,
the digital camera. As a continuation of the above lines, it can be
further investigated that the sensor array is basically a microchip about
10 mm across. Every image sensor is a charged-couple device (CCD)
converting light into electric charges, and is essentially a silicon chip
used to measure light. These charges are stored as analog data that are
then converted to digital via a device called an analog to digital
converter (ADC). Over the chip are present a collection of very small
light-sensitive diodes, named photosites, or pixels that convert light (or
more scientifically, photons) into electrical charges called electrons.
The pixels are very much light sensitive, therefore with brighter light
striking them, produces greater build up of electrical charges. Each 1000
array receptor creates 1 pixel, and every pixel corresponds to some
information stored. The light enters the digital camera via the lens,
which is the same mechanism as the conventional analog camera. And this
light hits the CCD when the photographer presses the shutter button. The
shutter opens and thereby illuminates every pixel, however with various
intensities.
Taking a look apart, it can be observed that quite a few digital cameras
use CMOS (meaning complementary metal oxide semiconductor, a technology of
manufacturing these microchips) technology based microchips as image
sensors. The basic advantage is that the CMOS sensors are appreciably
cheaper and simpler to fabricate than CCDs. Another great advantage from
CMOS sensors is that these take very less power compared to other
technology, which adds up to the fact as to their extensive use, and can
thus even support the implementation of additional circuitry on the same
chip like ADC, some control units etc. Thus it can be stated that CMOS
technology based cameras are small, light, cheap and also energy
efficient, yet at the cost of some amount of image quality.
However the common trend remains that all cameras of the mega pixel range
and higher up use CCD chips instead of CMOS. This is because of the fact
of picture quality only, leaving aside the price differences.
This is basically the fact about how digital cameras work! Having known
this much difference would not come in the photographing expertise of the
users, but it always feels a kind of satisfaction on understanding the
inner depths of a device that is so close to the eyes!
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